VQD
Companies who want to sell beer and cigarettes want to know who drinks and smokes what brands, so they know how to sell their brand. One advertising researcher has claimed that this rule is true: "A man smokes Camel cigarettes if he drinks Miller beer."
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company has hired you to investigate this claim.
The cards below represent four men. Each card represents one man. One side of the card tells whether or not that man drinks Miller beer and the other side tells whether or not he smokes Camel cigarettes. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these men violate the rule:
"A man smokes Camel cigarettes if he drinks Miller beer."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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smokes Camels
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does not smoke Camels
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drinks Miller
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does not drink Miller |
VQA
The Social Security Administration in Washington has rules for how it processes people's paperwork. One of their rules is, "A person's documents must be marked with an 'F' if that person's social security number ends in a zero." They have several different letter codes, so more than one kind of document can be marked with the same letter code.
Files at the Social Security Administration have to be checked to see if any of the documents are marked incorrectly.
The cards below represent four people's documents. Each card represents one person's documents. One side of the card tells whether they are marked with an 'F' and the other side tells whether or not their social security number ends in a zero. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these documents violate the rule:
"A person's documents must be marked with an 'F' if that person's social security number ends in a zero."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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not marked with an “F”
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ends in zero |
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marked with an “F”
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does not end in zero |
VQD
People who live in different areas of California have different lifestyles. Certain kinds of cars, for instance, are useful in some parts of the state but not others. People in the Central Valley seem to be described by the rule "A man drives a pick-up truck if he lives in farm country."
You are interested in whether there are ever exceptions to this rule.
The cards below represent four men. Each card represents one man. One side of the card tells whether or not that man lives in farm country and the other side tells whether or not he drives a pick-up truck. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these men violate the rule:
"A man drives a pick-up truck if he lives in farm country."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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does not live in farm country |
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drives a pick-up truck
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does not drive a pick-up truck |
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lives in farm country
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VQA
The library has rules for how it keeps track of books. One of their rules is, "A book must be marked with a 'B' if it was published before 1940." They have several different letter codes, so more than one kind of book can be marked with the same letter code.
Books at the library have to be checked to see if any of them are marked incorrectly.
The cards below represent four books. Each card represents one book. One side of the card tells whether that book is marked with a 'B' and the other side tells when that book was published. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these books violate the rule:
"A book must be marked with a 'B' if it was published before 1940."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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1935
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1950 |
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B
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A |
VQA
Daley's is a furniture factory. They mark their furniture with number codes and then ship it to their different warehouses from the factory. One of their rules is, "A piece of furniture must be marked with a '3' if it is white." They have only a few number codes, so more than one kind of furniture can be marked with the same number code.
Pieces of furniture at the factory have to be checked to see if any of them are marked incorrectly.
The cards below represent four pieces of furniture. Each card represents one piece of furniture. One side of the card tells what number code that piece of furniture is marked with and the other side tells what color the piece of furniture is. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these pieces of furniture violate the rule:
"A piece of furniture must be marked with a '3' if it is white."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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brown
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3 |
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white
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7 |
VQD
Sometimes people who are snobs about one thing are snobs about other things as well -- food or wine or cars or music. A friend recently claimed that this rule is true: "A man drinks expensive wine if he listens to opera."
You want to investigate this claim to see whether there are ever exceptions to this rule.
The cards below represent four men. Each card represents one man. One side of the card tells whether or not that man listens to opera and the other side tells whether or not he drinks expensive wine. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these men violate the rule:
"A man drinks expensive wine if he listens to opera."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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drinks cheap wine
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listens to opera |
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does not drink cheap wine
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does not listen to opera |
VQA
The Union Train Station switching yard puts trains going to different destinations onto different ones of their three tracks. One of their rules is, "If a train is going to Rochester, then it must be on Track 2."
Imagine you work for Amtrak and it is your job to check whether any of the trains in the switching yard violate this rule.
The cards below represent four trains. Each card represents one train. One side of the card tells whether or not that is going to Rochester and the other side tells which track it is on. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these trains violate the rule:
"If a rain is going to Rochester, then it must be on Track 2."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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Track 1
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Atlanta |
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Rochester
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Track 2 |
VQA
At the Random House book warehouse, they have certain rules for how books should be processed. One of these is, "If a box of books has paperbacks in it, then it should be marked with 'AA'."
Imagine you're a shift supervisor at the warehouse, and it is your job to check whether any of the boxes of books in the warehouse violate this rule.
The cards below represent four boxes of books. Each card represents one box. One side of the card tells whether or not that box has paperbacks in it and the other side tells whether or not it is marked with an 'AA'. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these boxes violate the rule:
"If a box of books has paperbacks in it, then it should be marked with 'AA'."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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does not have paperbacks in it
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marked with AA |
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has paperbacks in it
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not marked with AA
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People in San Francisco often travel by different means of transportation to go to different locations. A friend who lives in San Francisco recently claimed that this rule is true: "A man travels by boat if he goes to Sausalito."
You want to investigate this claim to see whether there are ever exceptions to this rule.
The cards below represent four men. Each card represents one man. One side of the card tells whether or not that man is travelling by boat and the other side tells whether or not he is going to Sausalito. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these men violate the rule:
"A man travels by boat if he goes to Sausalito."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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going to Oakland
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travelling by boat |
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not travelling by boat
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going to Sausalito |
Some women like to wear makeup, and some don't think it's natural. A talk show host recently claimed that you could predict whether or not a woman wears makeup by using the rule: "If a woman wears nail polish, then she wears makeup."
Imagine you're a guest on the talk show, and it's your job to check whether any women from the studio audience violate this rule.
The cards below represent four women. Each card represents one woman. One side of the card tells whether or not that woman wears nail polish and the other side tells whether or not she is wearing makeup. Which of the following cards would you definitely need to turn over to see if any of these women violate the rule:
"If a woman wears nail polish, then she wears makeup."
Don't turn over any more cards than are absolutely necessary.
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not wearing nail polish
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wearing nail polish |
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wearing makeup
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not wearing makeup |